West Bengal is noted for its cultural activities, with the state capital Kolkata earning the sobriquet "cultural capital of India". Noted for its political activism, the state was ruled by democratically elected communist government for three decades.
A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20th century, Bengal was divided in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal – a state of India – and East Bengal, which initially joined the new nation of Pakistan, before becoming part of modern-day Bangladesh in 1971.Ī major agricultural producer, West Bengal is the sixth-largest contributor to India's net domestic product. The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in expansion of Western education, culminating in development in science, institutional education, and social reforms of the region, including what became known as the Bengal Renaissance. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) served for many years as the capital of British India. From the 13th century onward, the region was ruled by several sultans, powerful Hindu states and Baro-Bhuyan landlords, until the beginning of British rule in the 18th century. The Cholas influence changed the agriculture and other traditions of the people from Bengal Cholas marched through Burma, Cambodia and conquering till Indonesia. In 1010 AD, the whole Bengal was under Rajendra Chola I of Chola Dynasty. In the 4th century AD, it was absorbed into the Gupta Empire. In the 3rd century BC, the broader region of Bengal was conquered by the emperor Ashoka. West Bengal encompasses two broad natural regions: the Gangetic Plain in the south and the sub-Himalayan and Himalayan area in the north. The state capital is Kolkata (formerly Calcutta). Covering a total area of 34,267 sq mi (88,750 km 2), it is bordered by the countries of Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh, and the Indian states of Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam. It is also the seventh-most populous sub-national entity in the world, with over 91 million inhabitants. West Bengal / b ɛ ŋ ˈ ɡ ɔː l / (proposed new English name: Paschimbanga ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ) ) is a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation's fourth-most populous.
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